The proposed age estimation algorithm realisesrealizes hierarchical approach (figFig. 10). First of all, the input fragments are divided into1for three age groups: smallerless than 18 years old, from 18 - 45 years old and biggermore than 45 years old. Afterwards2Second, the results of this in the firstfirst stepage are more further subdivided tointo seven smallernewer groups, with each limiteding to onea single decade. ThusThis reduces the problem oforiginal multiclass classification is therefore reduced problem to a set of binary ‘”one-against-all’”3 classifiers (BC). These classifiers calculate:Each classifier then ranks of each of the analyzedthe images based on the associated class. The total decision is, and the final decisions are obtained then by the analysis the previously received analyzing these rank histograms of ranks.       

These BCs are constructioned4 using a two-level approach. After is appliedfirst with the transitioning to an adaptive feature space, asequal to this5 described earlier, and the images are classified using support vector machines classification of images with radial basis function (RBF) kernels.6

The Iinput fragments wereare preprocessed forto align and transform their luminance characteristics to align and to transform them to uniformala uniform scale. This pPreprocessing step includes color-space transformation and scaling, both operations similar to those used inthat of athe 7gender recognition algorithm. Features, are calculated for each colourcolor component, are and combined to form a uniform featured8 vector.

Training and testing9 require a sufficientlyhuge largeenough coloring image database: We used. Here, we combined the state-of-the-art image databases MORPH and FG-NET image databases with our own image database, gathered from some10many sources, which comprised of many sources and comprising 10,500 face images. Faces on. The faces in the images were detected automatically by the AdaBoost face detection algorithms.

A total number of seven thousand7000 images were used for to train and test the first stage of the age classification algorithm training and testing on the first stage. 3 binary classifiers. Three BCs were made utilizingcreated, each with11 144 adaptive features each of.

Classification results on the The first-stage are:classification results showed 82 % accuracy for young agefaces, 58 % accuracy for middle age-aged faces, and 92 % accuracy for seniorelderly faces. The overall age. Age classification accuracyrate in afor the three age division problem –categories was 77.3 %.12

Binary classifiers of tThe second-stage BCs were constructed in the equalsame tomanner as the first stage (described above. A). Fig. 11 shows a visual example of age estimation by the first stage of the proposed algorithm on its first stage is presented in figs. 11..